Linux操作系統下配置DNS服務器的方法介紹

有兩臺郵件服務器分別為192.168.1.1(windows下主機名為b.test.cn)和192.168.1.3(linux下主機名為a.test.com)。

在linux下配置DNS服務器，下面是配置過程中設置過的一些文件，

/etc/hosts 文件的具體內容如下：

# Do not remove the following line， or various programs

# that require network functionality will fail.

127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost fc4

192.168.1.3 a.test.com a

192.168.1.1 b.test.cn b

/etc/host.conf 文件：

order hosts，bind

表示先用hosts文件做解析，在用DNS解析

/etc/resolv.conf 文件：

; generated by NetworkManager， do not edit!

search test.com

nameserver 127.0.0.1

search test.cn

nameserver 192.168.1.1

nameserver 61.144.56.100

/etc/named.conf 文件：

//

// named.conf for Red Hat caching-nameserver

//

options {

directory /var/named;

dump-file /var/named/data/cache_dump.db;

statistics-file /var/named/data/named_stats.txt;

/*

* If there is a firewall between you and nameservers you want

* to talk to， you might need to uncomment the query-source

* directive below. Previous versions of BIND always asked

* questions using port 53， but BIND 8.1 uses an unprivileged

* port by default.

*/

// query-source address * port 53;

};

//

// a caching only nameserver config

//

controls {

inet 127.0.0.1 allow { localhost; } keys { rndckey; };

};

zone . IN {

type hint;

file named.ca;

};

zone test.comIN {

type master;

file test.com;

allow-update { none; };

};

zone 1.168.192.in-addr.arpaIN {

type master;

file 192.168.1.rev;

allow-update { none; };

};

zone test.cnIN {

type master;

file test.cn;

allow-update { none; };

};

zone 0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.ip6.arpa IN {

type master;

file named.ip6.local;

allow-update { none; };

};

zone 255.in-addr.arpa IN {

type master;

file named.broadcast;

allow-update { none; };

};

zone 0.in-addr.arpa IN {

type master;

file named.zero;

allow-update { none; };

};

include /etc/rndc.key;

在/var/name/test.com 文件下：

$TTL 86400

@ IN SOA a.test.com. root.a.test.com (

42 ; serial (d. adams)

3H ; refresh

15M ; retry

1W ; expiry

1D ) ; minimum

IN NS a.test.com.

IN MX 10 mail.test.com.

a IN A 192.168.1.3

mail IN A 192.168.1.3

//其中root.a.test.com的含義是管理員的郵箱

/var/name/test.cn 文件下：

$TTL 86400

@ IN SOA b.test.cn. root.a.test.com (

42 ; serial (d. adams)

3H ; refresh

15M ; retry

1W ; expiry

1D ) ; minimum

IN NS b.test.cn.

IN MX 10 mail.test.cn.

b IN A 192.168.1.1

mail IN A 192.168.1.1

/var/name/192.168.1.rev 文件下：

$TTL 86400

@ IN SOA 1.168.192.in-addr.arpa. root.test.com. (

1997022700 ; Serial

28800 ; Refresh

14400 ; Retry

3600000 ; Expire

86400 ) ; Minimum

IN NS a.test.com.

IN NS b.test.cn.

IN MX 10 mail.test.com.

IN MX 10 mail.test.cn.

3 IN PTR a.test.com.

3 IN PTR mail.test.com.

1 IN PTR b.test.cn.

1 IN PTR mail.test.cn.

然后用/etc/init.d/named restart重啟DNS服務，在重啟過程中，我曾經出現過好幾次的錯誤，按照出錯的提示，會提示是named.conf文件第幾行出錯的。或者提示在那些包含文件例如test.cn這些文件里面的問題，然后一個一個排除。

最后還有一些nslookup的命令比較有用：

set all用于顯示使用nslookup工具這臺機器上的DNS服務器的一些信息

set type=any會顯示完整信息包括域中郵件服務器和主從DNS服務器的名字和IP地址

server 192.168.0.1更換查詢的DNS服務器地址。