STM32 CAN模塊使用詳解

1. 硬件基礎
CAN總線工作需要兩根數據線，RX和TX，即為輸入總線和輸出總線。一般CPU與外界通信需要接一個驅動芯片（這點很像UART接口），常用的CAN芯片主要有：SN65VHD230、PCA82C250T等，本系統使用SN65VHD230作為CAN接口芯片。而CPU提供的CAN接口為CAN_L和CAN_H。
2. 軟件設計
在進行軟件設計時，我們首先來看這樣的一個結構體：
typedef struct
{
uint32_t StdId;
uint32_t ExtId;
uint8_t IDE;
uint8_t RTR;
uint8_t DLC;
uint8_t Data[8];
} CanTxMsg;
這是定義一個can數據包的結構體，即一個CAN數據包包含以上幾個部分。
現在我們思考一個問題：由于can可連接多個節點，如果一個系統為星形網絡連接方式，那么主機應該怎樣區別這些從機發送的信息呢？
答案在上面那個結構體中，我們可以給每個分機定義一個ID，那么主機在接收到分機發送的數據后，通過ID號判別接收到的信息是那個從機發送的。
注意： DLC定義發送數據的長度，其范圍為：0~8。
下面我們來編寫CAN驅動：
對CAN模塊初始化
void CAN_CfgInit(void)
{
CAN_InitTypeDef CAN_InitStructure;
CAN_FilterInitTypeDefCAN_FilterInitStructure;

CAN_PortInit();
CAN_DeInit(CAN1);
CAN_StructInit(&CAN_InitStructure);

CAN_InitStructure.CAN_TTCM=DISABLE;
CAN_InitStructure.CAN_ABOM=DISABLE;
CAN_InitStructure.CAN_AWUM=DISABLE;
CAN_InitStructure.CAN_NART=DISABLE;
CAN_InitStructure.CAN_RFLM=DISABLE;
CAN_InitStructure.CAN_TXFP=DISABLE;
CAN_InitStructure.CAN_Mode=CAN_Mode_LoopBack;
CAN_InitStructure.CAN_SJW=CAN_SJW_1tq;
CAN_InitStructure.CAN_BS1=CAN_BS1_8tq;
CAN_InitStructure.CAN_BS2=CAN_BS2_7tq;
CAN_InitStructure.CAN_Prescaler=5;
CAN_Init(CAN1, &CAN_InitStructure);

CAN_FilterInitStructure.CAN_FilterNumber=0;
CAN_FilterInitStructure.CAN_FilterMode=CAN_FilterMode_IdMask;
CAN_FilterInitStructure.CAN_FilterScale=CAN_FilterScale_32bit;
CAN_FilterInitStructure.CAN_FilterIdHigh=0x0000;
CAN_FilterInitStructure.CAN_FilterIdLow=0x0000;
CAN_FilterInitStructure.CAN_FilterMaskIdHigh=0x0000;
CAN_FilterInitStructure.CAN_FilterMaskIdLow=0x0000;
//CAN_FilterInitStructure.CAN_FilterFIFOAssignment=0;
CAN_FilterInitStructure.CAN_FilterFIFOAssignment=CAN_FIFO0;
CAN_FilterInitStructure.CAN_FilterActivation=ENABLE;
CAN_FilterInit(&CAN_FilterInitStructure);

CAN_ITConfig(CAN1, CAN_IT_FMP0, ENABLE);
}
這里為can 定義一個專門的結構體，便于數據處理：
typedef struct CAN_Socket CAN;
struct CAN_Socket {
INT32U u32_StdId;
INT32U u32_ExtId;
INT8Uu8_IDE;
INT8Uu8_RTR;
INT8Uu8_DLC;
INT8Uu8_FMI;
INT8Uu8_data[8];
};
數據打包，并且發送
void CAN_TxSocket( CAN *can_Socket )
{
INT8U i = 0;
CanTxMsg TxMessage;

CAN_ITConfig(CAN1, CAN_IT_FMP0, ENABLE); // CAN FIFO0 message pending interrupt enable
// Transmit a message
TxMessage.StdId=can_Socket->u32_StdId;
TxMessage.ExtId=can_Socket->u32_ExtId;
TxMessage.IDE=can_Socket->u8_IDE;
TxMessage.RTR= can_Socket->u8_RTR;
TxMessage.DLC=can_Socket->u8_DLC;
for( i =0; i
TxMessage.Data = can_Socket->u8_data;
}
CAN_Transmit(CAN1, &TxMessage);
CAN_ITConfig(CAN1, CAN_IT_FMP0, DISABLE); // Disable interrupt handling
}
接收函數放在中斷程序中處理：
void USB_LP_CAN1_RX0_IRQHandler(void)
{
CanRxMsg RxMessage;
INT8U i = 0;
INT8U u8_RxLen = 0;

RxMessage.StdId = 0x00;
RxMessage.ExtId = 0x00;
RxMessage.IDE = 0;
RxMessage.RTR = 0;
RxMessage.DLC = 0;
RxMessage.FMI = 0;
for( i=0;i<8;i++){
RxMessage.Data=0x00;
}

CAN_Receive(CAN1, CAN_FIFO0, &RxMessage);
u8_RxLen = RxMessage.DLC;
if((RxMessage.ExtId==0x12) && (RxMessage.IDE==CAN_ID_EXT)){
for( i=0;i
CAN_ReceiveBuff = RxMessage.Data;
}
}
}
這里只介紹CAN使用方法和主要驅動程序，測試程序可自行設計。
本人的測試程序：
~INT8U SendBuff1[]="Hello";
INT8U SendBuff2[]="World";
INT8U SendBuff3[]="ADC= 255";
void main(void)
{
System_HardwareInit();
while (1)
{
CAN_Tx(SendBuff1);
Disp_CanReceveData();
CAN_Tx(SendBuff2);
Disp_CanReceveData();
CAN_Tx(SendBuff3);
Disp_CanReceveData();
}
}
接收數據，并在液晶上打印出來！
void Disp_CanReceveData( void )
{
INT8U u8_CanRecBuff[64];

if(CAN_ReceiveBuff[0] == H){
sprintf(( char *)u8_CanRecBuff,"CAN receve buff1 is : %s",CAN_ReceiveBuff);
GCLDASC_PutChar16x16Str(10,30,u8_CanRecBuff, Red, Green, 1);
}
if(CAN_ReceiveBuff[0] == W){
sprintf(( char *)u8_CanRecBuff,"CAN receve buff2 is : %s",CAN_ReceiveBuff);
GCLDASC_PutChar16x16Str(10,50,u8_CanRecBuff, Red, Green, 1);
}
if(CAN_ReceiveBuff[0] == A){
sprintf(( char *)u8_CanRecBuff,"CAN receve buff3 is : %s",CAN_ReceiveBuff);
GCLDASC_PutChar16x16Str(10,70,u8_CanRecBuff, Red, Green, 1);
}
}